Showing posts with label Katikati. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Katikati. Show all posts

Friday, 19 December 2025

2025 - A Good Year for Local Histories

 

A few of this year’s local histories

Two hundred or so contemporary tales of past and present, a selection of Tommy ‘Kapai’ Wilson’s newspaper columns written for the Bay of Plenty Times since 2004, and put into a handsome volume entitled Paperboy Writer, starts this review of the efforts of local writers to evoke the history of Tauranga Moana and its surrounds.  Paperboy Writer was published in November 2024, but this review stretches a couple of points, in time and space, in order to make a larger one:  the astonishing variety of history books concerning the Bay of Plenty – east and west - that came out in 2025.  All of those described here are in the Tauranga Library: ask at the Reference Room if you can’t find a borrowing copy.

‘Variety’, in this discussion, takes a number of forms.  There is not only a breadth of approach and tone, ranging from Tommy Wilson’s (mostly) cheerful nostalgia to the balanced formality of Trevor Bentley’s prose in Te Kaewa, The Wanderers [1] and the almost lyrical intertwining of te reo and English in Tame Iti’s compelling autobiography.  We are also offered some very fresh approaches to the way history can be written – Sarah Ell’s excursions into imagined thoughts of The Elms’ inhabitants, for instance; or the very practical, informative, and carefully ordered and illustrated lists that form the backbone of Hatu Hone – 120 years of St John’s in Tauranga.

There are hidden gems to be found as well.  Robert Craig Scott’s prodigious efforts to track and trace the changes in neighbourhoods that have now become Tauranga’s suburbs are hugely useful to those researching past lives in close and often unexpected detail.  Bob published the second edition of Mount Maunganui, A History of the Land and Early Settlers from 1864 in November of this year.  As if this was not enough, he also managed to produce the ninth volume of his series: Otumoetai, A History following confiscation in 1864.  Although my editorial eye regrets the lack of macrons in the text, I was well impressed that Bob had found a first-person account, an article from the Bay of Plenty Times of 8 June 1882 and quoted in full on p. 138, that illustrated the poignancies of settlement in transition:

… most of the other trees were planted by the natives.  Mr Matheson has erected a dairy under the willow trees.  On the side of the house is a very old titoki tree.  The natives left this Pa at the outbreak of the late Maori war and burnt all their whares before leaving.  Since then, the old Catholic Church has been left to go to ruin.

 The titoki tree can be identified in the photos Bob provides and – as visitors to the Otūmoetai Historic Reserve can see for themselves – still stands [2].  Bob has done for his beloved suburbs what I would love to see done for Te Puna: setting out the land use changes at a level of detail that makes present recognition easy and delightful.

Communities are another theme that gets varied treatment from our 2025 authors.  Raewyn Otto, née Phare, has significantly revised and augmented the photocopied booklet she produced to mark the 75th anniversary of the establishment of her faith community.  Celebrating 100 years: The Seventh-day Adventist Church in Tauranga 1925-2025 is now a large-format hardcover volume, lavishly illustrated in full colour, assembling personal testimony, autobiographical accounts of the church’s families – the Ashtons, the Goldstones, the Maunders and more – their poetry, a short story, their performances of The Road to Bethlehem; and enough institutional history to help us understand how a modern-day church establishes itself in a society where the faith traditions that came with nineteenth-century settlers were already well in place.

Kathy Wills’ Tales of Old Katikati, third edition, is another reworking, based on original author Elsie G Lockington’s reminiscences and stories of people she clearly knew very well.  Its sixty pages have a conversational quality, often loaded with personal and place names; it is occasionally vague as to detail, although Elsie makes it clear what the impacts of dreadful events, such as the influenza epidemic of 1915, can be on a tight-knit town and country society.  The tone is invariably polite.  It is, however, worth reading to the very end where, at a safe distance, the third-generation editor lets us know that even Elsie had personal opinions.

Someone looking for a more comprehensive – I would go so far as to say definitive – history of Katikati will find it in Katikati, From First Peoples to the Present Day/Ngā Reanga Tangata ki Katikati, co-authored by Francis Young, Sandra Haigh, Pauline McCowan and Chris Bedford and produced in time for the 150th anniversary of the arrival of the Ulster settlers in September 2025.  That well-worked aspect of Katikati’s history is, however, deliberately downplayed in favour of settlement patterns since 1300 CE and Katikati’s development since 1940.  “We had to make choices,” the authors say in their preface, “to keep the book manageable; not everyone may agree with those.”  This solid and readable book has the same self-confidence that is shown in the small rural settlement it describes.

One significant element stands out in reviewing the books mentioned in this article: the choice and quality of the images used.  Francis Young had a busy year.  He and Di Logan put together an astonishing book, Pictures from the Ulster Plantation: Katikati 1898-1900, of the very lovely photographs of Emily Surtees.  Her album records the homes and people of the Ulster families that George Vesey Stewart somehow persuaded and energetically led to live on the other side of the world. These evocative images have been carefully selected, even more carefully digitally enhanced, and are laid out in such a way that each monochrome page is beautiful in itself.

Quite another, just as compelling, approach is taken by Sally Pratt with her publication, Tauranga: Just scratching the surface.  As every successful publisher knows, you can judge a book by its cover: Sally’s lively account of interesting and exciting episodes of our town’s past is accessible, impressively researched, packed with Tauranga’s more unusual stories and a quantity of spectacular illustrations, almost all of them colourised using AI and up-to-the-minute digital publishing technology.  This is the perfect way to interest a younger reader – a highly pictorial presentation showing the layers of history in our place, with enough text to explain how streets and shorelines change, and who was involved in changing them.


No review of the histories published this year would be complete without acknowledging the two mainstream books shown above.

Sarah Ell gave a talk to Tauranga Historical earlier this year.  The Spirit of a Place celebrates the status of one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s significant heritage sites, and Sarah explained how she steered a careful course through her chapters.  She set herself to meet the demands of the expected readership of her book: serious scholars, heritage enthusiasts, and of course the tourists who flock to The Elms from the cruise ships and elsewhere, seeking something that will mark a memorable experience rather than - maybe as well as – explain the background to a distinguished building and the family that made it their home for so long.  Glossy, with sensitive photographs and even more sensitive side-stories, the book is a triumph by any standard, and the writing of a quality that shows even a well-trodden tale has fresh insights to uncover.

Tame Iti’s autobiography, Mana, is a quality publication of a very different kind. Beautifully designed, with lots of white space on its matt-paper pages, it has a congenial font that helps make the considerable amount of te reo, although not invariably translated, adequately understandable in context.  The overall tone of the book, as might be expected of its subject, is one of drama in both the narrative and the images.    It is also sober and reflective, the story of an examined life, one we are privileged to see too. 

What a vintage year 2025 has proved to be for us here in the Bay of Plenty.  Local history really does enrich our lives and the way we deal with our present day.  We must be grateful to all our local historians who take the time, and expend prodigious effort, to help us understand how things were and are now.  Tame Iti’s approach, in connection with the Waitangi Tribunal’s hearings of the Tūhoe claims, sums it up:

…we came up with a way to convey that history.  Instead of a lecture about colonization and confiscation, we would paint the picture of the experience of our tīpuna.  We reminded ourselves: Imagine being in that space.  What are we thinking? [3]

 [1] We published a description of Te Kaewa/The Wanderers on this blog on Tuesday 28 October

[2] I am indebted to Harley Couper of the Reference team at Tauranga Library for helping me to find this on the 3D Tauranga Web Viewer, https://www.tauranga.govt.nz/council/maps

[3] Tame Iti, Mana, p.201

Author and images: Beth Bowden



Tuesday, 2 September 2025

A wartime map of Mount Maunganui

 From Tauranga City Library’s archives

A monthly blog about interesting items in our collection

The Bay of Plenty in the early 1940s was marked by mounting anxiety about the war raging overseas, particularly the possibility of it reaching New Zealand shores.

An interview with 1940-1945 Katikati teacher Jenefer Thomson (née Martin) in 1980 revealed that the High School had slit trenches on the grounds and, in the event of a Japanese invasion, an escape plan over the Kaimai Ranges via Thompson’s Track. She would regularly take older students on tramps across the track, with the hidden intention of preparing them to lead the younger children over and onto Matamata. The Home Guard quietly maintained food caches at intervals along this route, and another, the Te Hua Track beginning at Sapphire Springs (AMS 525/17).

Katikati Home guard in 1942

In April 1940, a further 214 acres of land next to Whareroa Marae, near Mount Maunganui, was taken from Ngāi Tukairangi under the Public Works Act to expand and upgrade the recently opened aerodrome. Opened just the year before, it was immediately taken over by the Royal New Zealand Air Force for use as a Flying School.

Japanese submarines were reported surfacing off the coast more than once, including near Mayor Island, where they launched small reconnaissance aircraft. It is in this atmosphere that technical students at Tauranga High School created in 1941, a detailed map of Mount Maunganui. According to the donor, Alan Galletly, the map was likely commissioned by the New Zealand Army. Regardless, it stands as an excellent record of the region in 1941. It shows some blotching and foxing and has spent much of its 85 years folded. It is a great example of why archives digitise material, not only to provide better access but also to reduce handling of fragile originals.

The map has a practical, orienteering feel. Vegetation is detailed—fern, gorse, lupin (which seemed to be everywhere), blackberry, scrub, tī tree, raupō, and plantations. Buildings are shown too: cowsheds, halls, old railway stations, motor camps, schools. The police station is where you’d expect to find it, and Whareroa Marae is simply marked “Kainga” and “Hall”. Much of today’s light industry and residential areas were clearly pastureland in 1941. Other features such as water wells are recorded as “OW”.

The map is simply described as Mount Region – Sheet 2, which begs the question—what was Sheet 1? (No answer, sorry.) It’s best viewed on Pae Korokī using the site’s “Zoom to 100%” tool pictured below. This reveals the high-quality surrogate behind the quick-loading preview.

 

Screenshot showing 100% view tool on Pae Korokī

What follows are a few close ups that grabbed my attention, but click the link below and have a play yourself.

https://paekoroki.tauranga.govt.nz/nodes/view/108134

 

Mauao, an inset in "Mount Region - Sheet 2" on Pae Korokī


Moturiki opposite the Mount coast line "Mount Region - Sheet 2" on Pae Korokī


What is now Coronation Park on Salisbury Ave Mount Maunganui in "Mount Region - Sheet 2" on Pae Korokī


What would today be Hewlets Road passing Whareroa Marae toward the Marina in "Mount Region - Sheet 2" on Pae Korokī


Written by Harley Couper, Heritage Specialist at Te Ao Mārama - Tauranga City Libraries

Friday, 12 May 2023

The Lady Jocelyn, SS Hinemoa and Adela Blanche Stewart, 1878 -1910

Early Maritime Tauranga: Vessels, Visitors  Settlers and Events,  Part XXV

On 17 August 1878 the clipper ship Lady Jocelyn (Captain Jenkins) arrived at the port of Auckland after a passage of 88 days from Belfast. Aboard the vessel were 451 passengers, including 378 ‘special’ immigrants. Part of George Vesey Stewart’s No. 2 Party of Ulster Scots from County Tyrone, the 378 were bound for Katikati via Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty.1  In 1878, Lady Jocelyn was the biggest immigrant and trading ship to visit New Zealand. Many of the Vesey Stewart settlers were men and women ‘in prosperous circumstances’, and their arrival was regarded as a distinct forward step in the settlement of Katikati, the Tauranga district, and the colony itself.2 

Lady Jocelyn under full sail, 1852, by W. Gippoer
Collection of National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London, Ref. PAH0623

The Lady Jocelyn was built by Mare of London in 1852 as a 2,138 ton, iron auxiliary steamer for the East India trade, before being purchased by Shaw Savill & Company for the Australasian immigrant and cargo trade. Refitted and fully rigged as an immigrant clipper and with the engines removed, she was described as ‘a splendid ship; the saloon table alone holds 100 persons; the state-rooms hold but two persons, preventing the crowding suffered by the passengers in the Carisbrooke Castle’.3 Lady Jocelyn made four notably swift voyages to Auckland, Wellington, Lyttelton and Port Chalmers between 1860 and 1900.4

Aboard the Lady Jocelyn were Mrs Adela Blanche Stewart, her husband Hugh (a Royal Artillery Lieutenant and the brother of George Vesey Stewart) and their son Mervyn aged seven. In her journal later published as My Simple Life in New Zealand (1908), Adela casts light on the voyage to New Zealand and the settlement and progress of  the Katikati  district. Though generally rated  ‘a happy one’ by the immigrants, the voyage was marked by seasickness, being becalmed ‘with six vessels in sight’, an outbreak of small-pox (supressed by the ship’s surgeon), mumps that ran rampant, rain, snow, hailstorms and heavy seas that swamped the cabins and broke almost all crockery. There was ‘great excitement’ when the ship’s newspaper Lady Jocelyn Herald was printed, joy at the birth of a little girl, ‘Jocelyn, of course’, and the satisfaction of ‘greedily devouring’ New Zealand bread and butter on arriving in Auckland.5 

Adela and Hugh Stewart with their son Mervyn (standing far left)
Front cover of My Simple Life in New Zealand, by Adela B. Stewart (London, 1908, reprinted Typographix, Katikati, 1996)

On 19 August, the Auckland Star’s maritime reporter noted:

         A large number of the passengers by the Lady Jocelyn, were on shore this morning, making purchases, and seeing the sights of the place, such as they are. They appear a fine class of people and very, desirable fellow colonists and, as they have all some capital, they will soon be able to bring their land, or the greater portion of it, under cultivation…. This morning they were engaged in packing up and making the necessary arrangements to leave the vessel. They will, we understand, be conveyed to Tauranga in the Hinemoa, the Lady Jocelyn remaining here to discharge her cargo… We understand about 40 of the party who were left behind are following in the ship Halcione, which left London on May 30.6

The New Zealand Government Service Steamer Hinemoa off the Kaikoura Mountains
Oil painting on board by Frank Barnes, 1911
Collection of Museum of New Zealand (Te Papa Tongarewa), Ref. 1992-0035-1910

SS Hinemoa conveyed Lady Jocelyn’s No. 2 Katikati Party to Tauranga without charge. Built in 1875 by Robert Scott and Co. at Cartsdyke, Greenock, Scotland for £23,500, it was a three-masted, 551 ton, New Zealand Government Service steamer. Designed for servicing lighthouses and patrolling the coastline, it had a length of 207 feet (63.1 metres), a beam of 25 feet (7.6 metres) and a draught of 15 feet (4.6 metres). Also required to carry out castaway checks on the sub-Antarctic islands and searching for missing ships in the Southern Ocean, it was, of necessity powered by two steam engines generating 150 bhp apiece.7 Adela Stewart recorded that after boarding the Hinemoa at Auckland ‘during torrents of rain’, they were conveyed in ‘a good 12 hours passage to Tauranga, arriving there on a sunny morning at 11 o’clock’.8  

At Tauranga, the entire European and Maori population turned out to greet the new settlers who ‘were mutely frightened… at the sight of tattooed Maoris smiling Tena koe (‘Welcome’) and anxious to rub noses… the children did howl and tried to hide behind their parents, themselves bewildered by the novelty of the scene’.9  Adela Stewart and her family, along with their servants, three children and ‘beds, bedding, provisions, luggage’, were conveyed in three trips from Tauranga’s Town Wharf to Bowentown and Katikati with the help of little coastal steamers Buona Ventura and Katikati.10

SS Katikati (left) at Pilot Bay, Mount Maunganui, 1910
Photographer unknown
Collection of Tauranga City Libraries, Pae Korokī, Ref. 00-338

As well as performing a host of unfamiliar domestic duties, Stewart joined her husband in ‘pulling up fern roots’ and ‘dug with all her might’ to help clear their 300 acres. ‘Homesick and depressed, also hungry’, they were not impressed with the district which was to become their home for the next 28 years.11  The land was covered in fern, tutu, manuka scrub and swamps, the harbour channel between Tauranga and Katikati had not been marked and not a single river had been bridged. While the Stewart’s second house was tolerably comfortable (the first had been a raupo whare), their servants endured a rat-infested cottage, ‘where these voracious rodents boldly eat the crumbs on the floor, and still worse, far worse, the poor baby’s toe nails at night’.12 While productive, the Stewart’s estate never generated the profits expected, and they came to regret not following advice to sell quickly and buy elsewhere.

Adela and Hugh Stewart were among some of the middle class emigrants to New Zealand, who later returned home to Britain, having made or not having made their fortunes
‘The emigrants' return’, by Edward Noyce, c1852-1860. (Bauerricher & Co, London)
Collection of Alexander Turnbull Library, Ref: E-079-006

The Lady Jocelyn made ten further immigrant runs to New Zealand after 1878, including one which conveyed a large contingent of Vesey Stewart settlers directly to the port of Tauranga in 1881.13 The SS Hinemoa had a remarkably long life, operating in New Zealand territorial waters until 1942 when it was purchased by the Royal New Zealand Navy and converted into a sullage (waste oil) barge for use by American ships under repair at Wellington. Decommisioned in 1944, Hinemoa was sunk in Pegasus Bay, 60 miles north-east of Lyttelton.14

In 1906, Adela and Hugh Stewart sold their home and estate ‘Athenree’ (800 acres) and returned to England. Over the years, their homestead had become the social centre for the surrounding district, which is known as Athenree to this day. Following the death of Hugh in April 1909, Adela Stewart returned to New Zealand on a visit. She died on the night of her arrival in Katikati on 12 February 1910.15.

Endnotes

1 Clement, Christine and Ellen McCormack, The Pioneers, Settlers and Families of Katikati and District, Te Puke, Christine Clement, 2012: 25.

2 41.

3 Poverty Bay Herald, 3 March 1883: 2.

 4 Brett, 1924: 41. Lady Jocelyn (Ship) Items, National Library of New Zealand·https://natlib.govt.nz › tap...

5 Stewart, Adela B; My Simple Life in New Zealand, Adela Stewart, 1908, Typographix, Katikati, 1996: 16-18.

6 Auckland Star, 19 August 1878: 2.

7 Hinemoa (Ship: 1876-1944) - National Library of New Zealand, https://natlib.govt.nz › records

8 Stewart, 1908: 19.

9  Ibid: 19

10 Ibid: 22 -23

11 Ibid: 30.

12 Ibid: 26

13 Brett, 1924: 43.

14  Hinemoa (Ship: 1876-1944) - National Library of New Zealand, https://natlib.govt.nz › records

15 My Simple Life In New Zealand – The Balance House, https://www.theballancehouse.com › adela-stewart