Showing posts with label 1940s. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1940s. Show all posts

Friday, 3 July 2026

Mrs Ruth Mander (1915–2015)

 

Left to right: Ruth Mander, Ina Bathe, Mary Parker, and Nancy Snodgrass admiring the rose "Remember Me" at the Tauranga Rose Gardens, Robbins Park, 1991

Image: Te Ao Mārama - Tauranga City Libraries Ams 382/4/5

After several years working with the Tauranga Museum collection, I pondered on a number of donations made by Mrs Ruth Mander (née Prescott). Curious to learn more about them, I visited Ruth at her home on Ōtūmoetai Road in June 2011, where she shared memories of her life and the transformation of Ōtūmoetai from a rural district into a suburb of Tauranga. [1]

Ruth’s path to Tauranga began in the late 1930s after her mother became seriously ill with a goitre.[2] As the eldest daughter, she left her job in Hamilton to care for her younger siblings while her mother spent an extended period in hospital.[3] In 1937, seeking a healthier climate, her father, a First World War veteran, sold their Waikato farm and moved the family to a citrus orchard in Ōtūmoetai. 

Ōtūmoetai and Hinewa Roads, looking over Cherrywood and Bureta towards Mauao and Motuotau Island, c1950. 

Image: Te Ao Mārama - Tauranga City Libraries Photo 12-575

At that time, the area was still largely rural. Work on the orchard, along with caring for poultry and a house cow, formed part of everyday life. Social life centred on visiting neighbours, swimming in the harbour below Ōtūmoetai Pā, and attending local dances. It was through these connections that Ruth met the Mander girls, Betty, Dot, and Nola. They would often bike together to attend films in town, taking the long way around as Ngatai Road had not yet been formed. These friendships would ultimately change the course of her life. 

Ray Mander, the older brother, had returned home for a holiday but stayed after meeting Ruth, and the two quickly became engaged. They purchased five acres on the Ōtūmoetai ridge and were among the first in the district to plant Chinese gooseberries, later known as kiwifruit. In a practical move to secure a government loan, they married quietly at the newly opened Tauranga Post Office in December 1938 - the first couple to do so - marking the beginning of their life together. Ruth recalled that afterwards they went to Rendell’s Photography and had a wedding photo taken and then to the only restaurant in town for a meal. 

Te Puke Times, Volume 26, Issue 52, 2 July 1937, Page 3. Papers Past.

With the help of a State Advances loan, they built a Beazley bungalow on their land, designed by Ruth herself. Construction was slow, and they did not move in until September 1939, but the house would remain their home for the rest of their lives. Over the following eight years, they had four children, bringing both busyness and energy to their lives, and it was clear that Ruth took great pride in them. While the orchard developed, Ray took on various jobs, later running a hardware shop in Ōtūmoetai and keeping bees on the property. Ruth managed the household, sewed much of the family’s clothing, and maintained strong connections within many communities.

A wicker pram purchased in the 1940s by the Manders from The Mart in Willow Street.

Image: Tauranga Museum 2005/84

Ruth became involved in numerous organisations, serving for decades as treasurer of both Forest and Bird and Rural Women, and participating in local garden clubs from the 1950s onward. Over time, the landscape around them changed. Ruth recalled that after the Second World War, orchards and farms across Ōtūmoetai were subdivided into residential sections. Roads such as Lemon Grove replaced rows of trees, and the rural district she had first known gradually became the suburb it is today.

 When I met Ruth, she was living alone, Ray having died in 1995. Despite being nearly blind, she was fiercely independent, able to stay in the home she had lived in for more than seventy years with the support of her family and her deep familiarity with every corner of it. She was particularly keen for me to identify some of the objects she had donated to the museum, and I was pleased to do so while hearing the stories connected to them - her memory remaining very sharp.

A 1930s ‘Airzone’ wooden mantle radio purchased for the Mander’s new home.

Image: Tauranga Museum 0038/95

References

 

[1]       At the time of our meeting, it felt only right to address her as Mrs Mander, so I hope she would forgive me for referring to her here as Ruth.

[2]       A goitre is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck, often visible as a swelling at the base of the throat.

[3]       Ruth initially worked as a technician for Glaxo Laboratories and later took a position in the office at the New Zealand Dairy Company while waiting for an opportunity to move into their laboratory.





Friday, 30 January 2026

A to Z of Tauranga Museum: B is for Bathing Suits

 

Image courtesy of Tauranga Museum, Robert Gale Collection, 0005/20/539

As the Bay of Plenty summer continues to be hot and locals and visitors alike flock to the coast, it’s hard to miss how deeply beach culture is woven into our identity. From sun-soaked days on Mount Maunganui beaches to the salty breeze off Te Awanui, these experiences have shaped our city’s character for generations. The Tauranga Museum holds a treasure trove of artifacts that tell this story.


Gifted by Tauranga Historical Society, Tauranga Museum, 0230/11

Its collection captures the essence of seaside leisure: beach umbrellas for shade, surf boards for thrill-seekers, picnic baskets for family outings, and even a bottle of Q-tol – the once-popular lotion that soothed sunburn long before we understood the importance of sunscreen.

                                1930s swimsuit, made in England.               Early 1980s Expozay, made in Tauranga.
                                       Tauranga Museum, 0151/16                           Tauranga Museum, 0032/14

But the real stars of the collection might be the bathing suits. With 83 suits spanning more than a century, this collection charts the evolution of beachwear - from modest woollen costumes to sleek Lycra designs. Many of the suits reflect not only innovation in materials and design but also changing attitudes toward fashion and freedom of expression.

For example, the museum holds two Jantzen swimsuits that were manufactured in Wellington by A.J. Coleman Ltd under licence from the American brand.  They were the height of style in their respective decades. During the 1930s and 40s, new fabrics emerged, sleeves vanished, and bold colours became the norm – as seen in a striking bright blue swimsuit:

1930s-1940s Jantzen swimsuit. Tauranga Museum, 0019/00

 Moving forward to the 1970s, and designers were embracing Lycra, a revolutionary fabric that allowed for greater flexibility and comfort. This floral swimsuit illustrates the shift toward vibrant patterns and figure-hugging styles that defined the decade:

1970s Jantzen swimsuit. Tauranga Museum, 0266/11


Friday, 30 May 2025

Tauranga Between the Victories, May-August 1945

 
Jigsaw pieces, Tauranga Heritage Collection

Eighty years on, the disciplined parades and sombrely beautiful memorials that mark the two surrenders of the Axis forces of World War II have become self-contained markers of victory and a conclusive end to the war.  This Jigsaw of Europe, created by Mere Productions in New Zealand during the war and gifted to the Tauranga Heritage Collection by Jinty Rorke, reminds us that it may not have felt like that at the time. 


Bay of Plenty Times, 8 May 1945, p.3

Certainly the Bay of Plenty Times offered a definitive banner headline on its main news page on 8 May 1945.  But of course the likelihood of what was even then called VE Day had been the subject of speculation for some time.  Exactly a week before, the Bay of Plenty Times’ “Out and About” column - a selection of what modern journalists would call “briefs” - reported a miscellany of items more or less involved with the local war economy (including the start of the increase in births and marriages that came to be known as the “Baby Boom”).  Those that directly illustrate the impact of war include: the release of a prisoner of war, improved  poppy day sales in Katikati, the death of a soldier in the NZ Expeditionary Force, the return of six Katikati men from the N.Z.E.F, and a preliminary announcement from the Acting Prime Minister, Walter Nash[1], confirming that schools will close for two days starting on the day the war in Europe is officially declared over.  The Tauranga South Bowling Club was similarly aware of the possibility, announcing the closure of its summer season on 12 May unless any peace celebrations came first.

The peace celebrations did come first.  The schools were closed.  Parades assembled in Tauranga, Katikati and Mount Maunganui (this one deferred due to inclement weather).  The Mayor and other dignitaries made their well-prepared speeches, there was a lot of singing, drinking, and bunting.  And life, and the war in the East, went on.  It was not quite a peace, and there was another victory still to be won.

Gradually the adamantine commitment to the national war effort that Peter Fraser insisted on began to alter.  The Industrial Manpower Committee sat in Tauranga on 10 May 1945 and allowed three of four appeals (the fourth was adjourned sine die)[2].  In August the Minister of National Service announced that returned servicemen were to be exempt from compulsory direction and that the regulations would soon be further eased[3].  But the sittings of the Armed Forces Appeal Board “were to proceed as usual” and over 14 and 15 May 163 appeals from Tauranga and Te Puke reservists, typically able-bodied young men who were needed on the farms[4],[5] and factories of the home front, were heard[6].  Food rationing continued[7].  Conscientious objectors occasionally succeeded[8].  And the lurking fear that it would be necessary to invade Japan was the most chilling undercurrent of the winter of 1945.


“1945 Victory Loan”, Title frame from National War Loan Council film, Archives New Zealand

A cool financial current was at work as well.  Less than a week after VE Day, the fourth of a series of “Victory Loans” was launched[9].  There were choices: stocks, bond purchases, or savings accounts, all government-backed with guaranteed repayment, as an attempt to avoid the burden of international borrowing to support the costs of the war.  War-weariness takes many forms.  The initial public response was less than enthusiastic, although the patriotic messaging incorporated references to armed forces’ pay and allowances, rehabilitation, UNRRA, and the defeat of Japan. 


Composite of official advertisements from the Bay of Plenty Times

The official advertisements published in the Bay of Plenty Times graphically illustrated the worthier aspects of building the peace.  Officials also supplied, and newspapers published, ‘league tables’ of contributions from different towns, and different regions, to spur a competitive effort.  Bank managers wrote letters[10] to those of their customers whom they thought might spare some cash.  Indications are, that in Tauranga at least, this was not working.

What clearly did work was the power of the National War Loan Council to galvanise local committees.  Quotas had been assigned by region:  Tauranga’s was £111,000.  By 21 May the Editor of the Bay of Plenty Times was expressing some misgivings and encouragement in equal measure, with even a tang of social credit:

“Some people may ask why all these stage effects with what is actually a business affair?  In our view the authorities did the right thing in introducing the loan in this particular way [a Parliamentary launch with a band and a choir of schoolchildren] because the greater part of the loan must come from the small investors, and from those who have hitherto not subscribed to such issues …  The business people and those in the habit of dealing in stocks and shares do not need any such theatricals to introduce the loan to them.  On this occasion it is imperative that the workers and those with small means should be asked to support the issue and many may wonder why this is necessary …

“[For] earlier loans companies, firms and private individuals have subscribed freely.  Some patriotic people placed funds at the disposal of the Government for the duration of the war and six months after and free of interest. The big man cannot furnish more funds … the money is in the country.  This is proved by the notes in circulation.  In 1938 the note circulation was about £9,000,000; it is now over £34,000,000.  With this huge sum in the possession of the people the Victory Loan of 1945 could be easily taken up.”

Ten days later, Tauranga’s loan commitments were a mere £43,000.  Clearly something had to be done.  An astonishing series of locally sponsored advertisements was the result.  They are compelling, unglamorous, and increasingly direct in their impact.  It is tempting to consider how these particular Tauranga firms chose to commit to the local campaign, but we have no current evidence of their conversations. 


Composite image of local advertisements

By 13 June, three days before the loan opportunity closed, the subscription gap stood at £27,000.  We may never know exactly how it happened, but the hard work of the War Loan Committee must take the lion’s share of the credit for the triumphant headline of 18 June 1945[11]:


Bay of Plenty Times headline

The wounded feelings aroused by Wellington’s failure to adequately recognise Tauranga’s contribution to this not-quite-last battle is a story for another day.  As is the relatively muted treatment accorded the eventual, and evidently deeply shocking, conquest of Japan in August 1945.  The horrors of this war did not end in the winter of that year.  To me, considering that uncertain season, the story of the Victory Loan shows some tenacious moral purpose that we do well to note in our now even more uncertain world. 


Completed Europe jigsaw

References

[1] Prime Minister Fraser was overseas at the San Francisco Conference, convened to draft the United Nations Charter

[11] https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/BOPT19450618.2.7