Mary Humphreys, Photographer: Part 3 – 1902-1904

(continued from Part 2)
By 1902 Mary Humphreys had established herself as one of the two leading Tauranga photographers, although she concentrated more on scenic work than the portraiture which had dominated the output of Thomas E. Price, who had operated a studio on the Strand since 1897.

“Strand, Tauranga (the business street of the town, facing east [sic])”, c. 1901-1902
Mounted half-plate print photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of Tauranga City Libraries, Pae Korokī Ref. 99-1182

There is evidence that Mary Humphreys sold both loose and mounted half-plate (6” x 4”) prints, presumably from her shop on the Strand, although it is not clear how long that remained open. The photograph shown above, contacted printed from the glass plate negative, is mounted on thick card and signed on the back in her handwriting (below), recognizable from other sources such as a postcard sent to her daughters (TCL Ref. 99-717),[i] but she did not at this stage appear to use any of the pre-printed card mounts or purpose-made stamps with which most established photographers marked their work.

“Mary Humphreys Photo.[grapher]” signature, detail from verso of 99-1182

Tauranga’s First Post Office & Government Building, Willow Street, bef. Oct 1901
Half-plate print mounted on album page, photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of Tauranga City Library, Pae Korokī Ref. 99-340

This quarter-plate print depicting Tauranga’s first Post Office and Government building (built in 1874), mounted in an album which contains several other photographs identified as having been taken by Mary Humphreys, is identical to the view published in the Weekly Press in October 1901.

The Illuminations & Decorations on the Government Buildings, June-August 1902
Half-plate print mounted on album page, photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of Tauranga City Library, Pae Korokī Ref. 99-362

She photographed the building again after it had been decorated with plants, the royal seal, several portraits, Union Jacks and a string of illuminations. Two large portraits of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra appear in the windows above the main doors, suggesting this was in preparation for the intended coronation which was supposed to happen on 26 June 1902. Newspaper reports indicate that, following a suggestion by storekeeper Robert Badger,[ii] and an application by postmaster Mr Northcroft to the Postal Department for “materials for illuminating the Government Buildings”,[iii] funding was allocated and the “necessary devices” were ordered by telegram from Auckland on 21 June.[iv] Due to the King’s sudden illness the coronation was postponed, but it eventually took place on 9 August, when the illuminations were officially switched on at 7 p.m.[v]

“At 7 p.m. the fine building in which are centred all the Government and Local Bodies offices, was handsomely illuminated from within and decorated with fairy lamps outside. The idea was promulgated by Mr E. Northcroft, lately Postmaster … his plans were loyally carried out by the staff here, and the universal verdict was than a very pretty and striking display was made … Portraits of the King and Queen occupied two central windows on the second floor, from which the sashes had been removed, and other windows were filled with transparencies representing the national flags and emblems, royal coat of arms, patriotic pictures, portraits of distinguished generals, etc, etc … the Post Office staff … kept them going till past eleven p.m. … This is the first time that anything of the sort has been attempted in Tauranga …” [vi]

Tauranga Post Office after the fire, 17 November 1902
Half-plate print mounted on album page, photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of Tauranga City Library, Pae Korokī Ref. 99-341

On the night of 16^th November 1902 Mary Humphreys, at that time living in Willow Street, adjacent to the Tauranga Post Office, was woken soon after 11pm by noises and on going outside found the building ablaze.[vii],[viii] The following morning she positioned her camera in the same spot where she had taken her earlier photographs of the building, then took at least three more shots of the still smoking ruins.

“The Government Buildings before the fire” (bef Oct 1901) and “After the fire” (16 Nov 1902)
Photographs by Mary Humphreys, published by New Zealand Graphic 29 Nov 1902
Auckland Libraries Collection, Refs. NZG-19021129-1383-01 and NZG-19021129-1383-02

One of them was published in the New Zealand Graphic on 29 November alongside her photograph of the building before the fire.[ix] She would later document the new Post Office after it was completed in 1906 several times, the images being published as postcards (0166/09).

“Moonlight at the Mount”, c. 1900-1905
Mounted quarter-plate print, photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of The Elms Foundation, Pae Korokī Ref. 2008.0453

Another format included in Humphreys’ repertoire at this time was a smaller print – roughly quarter-plate – double mounted on a decorative grey card with an embossed, stippled surround. The Elms Foundation collection has several of this type which have both Mary’s characteristically handwritten captions and a monogram “GAW”. While it is conceivable that the photographs marked thus were taken by George Arnold Ward, owner of the Bay of Plenty Times, former mayor and friend of Mrs Humphreys, it is considered more likely that they were commissioned by him.

H.M.S. Lizard anchored in Tauranga Harbour, April 1903
Photograph attributed to Mary Humphreys
Collection of The Elms Foundation, Pae Korokī Ref. 2008.0454

A view of the Tauranga waterfront with the warship H.M.S. Lizard at anchor in the harbour is mounted on identical card, and has similar handwriting on the back but no monogram. The ship arrived on 18 April 1903 and stayed for only a few days.[x]

Crew of the H.M.S. Lizard in fancy dress, April 1903
Photographed by Mary Humphreys
Collection of Tauranga City Library, Mary Humphreys Album

The Lizard’s crew appear to have enjoyed their stay in Tauranga. A photograph in an album compiled by Mary Humphreys shows several of them dressed for what appears to be a fancy dress party.

The next article in this series (Part 4) will cover Mrs Humphreys’ entry into the postcard era.

References

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[i] Mary Humphreys, Untitled [Postcard View of Daughters Playing Golf], circa 1912, Real photo postcard, circa 1912, Climate controlled room - offsite, Tauranga City Libraries Archive, https://paekoroki.tauranga.govt.nz/nodes/view/3813.

[ii] Robert Badger, “Coronation Illuminations,” Bay of Plenty Times, June 18, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4311 edition.

[iii] “Untitled [Coronation Preparations],” Bay of Plenty Times, June 20, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4312 edition.

[iv] “Untitled [Telegram from Postal Department],” Bay of Plenty Times, June 23, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4313 edition.

[v] “Coronation Day,” Bay of Plenty Times, August 8, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4333 edition.

[vi] “Coronation Day: The Illuminations,” Bay of Plenty Times, August 11, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4334 edition.

[vii] “Disastrous Fire at Tauranga, Government Buildings Destroyed,” Bay of Plenty Times, November 17, 1902, Volume 31 Issue 4375 edition.

[viii] “Fire at Government Buildings, Tauranga. Magisterial Enquiry,” Bay of Plenty Times, December 5, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 4383 edition.

[ix] “The Recent Conflagration at Tauranga,” New Zealand Graphic, November 29, 1902, Volume 29 Issue 22 (Supplement) edition.

[x] “Untitled [H.M.S. Lizard Arrives in Port],” Bay of Plenty Times, April 20, 1903, Volume 31 Issue 4437 edition.

Fighting fires in Tauranga

From Tauranga City Library’s archives
A monthly blog about interesting items in our collection

In honour of International Firefighters’ Day, Whakanuia Ngā Kaipatuahi, on 4 May, we would like to share some images from Pae Korokī.

Certificates are awarded by the New Zealand Fire Service in recognition of the commitment of volunteers, this is Sylvanus Davis three-year membership with the Tauranga Volunteer Fire Brigade in 1909 (from the United Fire Brigades Association).

Sylvanus Davies' three-year certificate - Ams 318

Sylvanus Davis is first on the left in this photograph of the brigade in 1911 with their new hose reel in front of the Star Hotel, that was on the corner of Spring Street and Devonport Road.

Tauranga Fire Brigade, 1911 - Photo 00-042

A.C. Bellamy writes about the history of Tauranga Fire Brigade in ‘Tauranga 1882-1982’ (available to read online in Pae Korokī), including the enrolment in 1888 of six men who were to be paid one shilling and sixpence for each monthly practice, with additional payments for fires attended.

In 1911 Tauranga Fire Station was opened, commemorating the coronation of George V (King Charles III great-grandfather).

Tauranga Fire Station, c. 1911 - Photo 00-047

The Strand fire in November 1916 destroyed eleven shops and the Commercial Hotel.

The Strand fire 1916 - Photo 02-579

Then on 15 February 1936 the Tauranga Hotel on the Strand was destroyed by fire.

Tauranga Hotel fire - Photo 99-616

Issuing of protective gear has evolved over the years, note the contrast in the photos below from the 1940s, 1963 and the 1990s.

Volunteer firefighters at scrub fire, c. 1940s - Photo 05-485

Volunteer Fire Brigade at a scrub fire, 1936 - Photo gca-4656

Firefighting demonstration at the Historic Village, 1990s - Photo 14-0132

Engaging with the community has always been a part of the work of the Fire Brigade, these images are from outreach in the 1960s.

Mount Maunganui gala day, September 1963 - Photo gcc-4258

Volunteer firefighters' display, September 1963 - Photo gcc-4100

Maybe you recognise someone sheltering from the hose spray?

Spectators at Tauranga Business Mens' lunchtime activities - Photo gcc-4095

This last image from March 1970 recognises the logistics of fire fighting in a port city.

Getting to the fire, Bay of Plenty Photo News - Photo pn-6180

Explore Pae Korokī for more images of fighting fires in Tauranga and other items of interest.

John Macquarters (1869-1915)

Representatives of the Tauranga Mounted Rifles selected to form part of the Royal escort to Rotorua
Toned silver gelatin print on album page, by John Macquarters, Tauranga, May 1901
Courtesy of Tauranga Heritage Collection, Ref. 0299/08 (Gifted by V. Simon)

This group portrait of eight members of the Tauranga Mounted Rifles was captured in May 1901 on the eve of their departure for Rotorua, where they were to form a guard of honour to the Duke of Cornwall during his Royal visit to the Hot Lakes District. The photograph was taken – as evidenced from the byline of the same image published in the Auckland Weekly News Supplement on 31 May (Auckland Libraries Heritage Images Ref. AWNS-19010531-11-3) – by John Macquarters. A somewhat disgruntled member of the unit later calculated that, since “the only duty this force performed was to present arms at the railway station for about five minutes, each man must have cost the country at least 4/6 per minute for the trip.”

The Tauranga Mounted Rifles were part of a country-wide effort to recruit and train militias, from which volunteers could be drawn to serve in the ten contingents of mounted riflemen that New Zealand sent to fight in the Boer War.

Te Puna School and pupils, with teacher Winnie Morley, c1900
Copy print of original mounted silver gelatin print, by John Macquarters
Courtesy of Tauranga Library, Pae Koroki Ref. 06-175

Macquarters was present at a company parade in Te Puke in December 1900, where he took photos of players of the Lawn Tennis Club. He had joined the ranks of the Tauranga Mounted Rifles by April 1901, when he was among those who met to form the Tauranga Football Club. In mid-September that year he attended a meeting of the organizing committee for a fundraising Grand Volunteer Ball to be given by the T.M.R. at the Theatre Royal two weeks later. Although he was active photographically, few photographs have survived from this period. The portrait of pupils and teacher at Te Puna School (above) is a copy print, and therefore difficult to date accurately, but was presumably taken around this time.

Sergeant Allan Bell, Opotiki Mounted Rifles, c. late 1902 - 1903
Copy film negative of original mounted silver gelatin print, by John Macquarters, Opotiki
Image courtesy of Whakatāne Museum, Ref. F277-1

Macquarters moved to Opotiki between late 1901 and late 1902. His portrait of Sergeant Allan Bell shows the latter wearing the typical uniform of a mounted rifleman, with slouch hat, 1896 pattern bandolier and two silver fern collar badges issued to troops serving in the South African (Boer) War. Allan Bell went overseas with the 9th Contingent in March 1902, and presumably returned soon after the end of the war in June-July that year. Bell participated in a shooting match between the O.M.R. and the T.M.R. in November 1902, when he may have posed for this portrait. Macquarters was settled enough in Opotiki by then to have had personalized card mounts printed.

McGowan child, c. 1890s
Glass plate copy negative by Tyree Studios, Nelson,
of a carte de visite portrait taken by Macquarters and Ray, Waimate
Courtesy of Nelson Provincial Museum, Ref. 51400

John Thomas Macquarters was born c. 1869 in Manchester, England and emigrated to New Zealand on board the RMS Coptic – arriving in December 1891 – following his father Joseph (1838-1926) and an elder brother William Henry (1862-1928). Although he was a glass salesman in England, like his father, he was working as a photographer in Fairlie, Canterbury by 1896. It is conceivable that he was one half of the partnership of “Macquarters & Ray” of Waimate, who produced the carte de visite portrait of an unidentified child shown above.

By May 1895 he was in Poverty Bay. He is listed as a photographer in Gisborne in 1896, although clearly struggling, as evidenced by the court claims for goods delivered and work done by fellow cameraman John Robb - £8 in September 1898, more than £18 a year later. It seems unsurprising that he moved on to the Bay of Plenty soon after.

Opening up the East Coast Country: A Settler’s Camp in the Waioeka Block
Photographed by John Macquarters, Published in the Auckland Weekly News, 5 Sep 1907
Image courtesy of Auckland Libraries Heritage Images, Ref. AWNS-19070912-3-2

His sojourn in the Eastern Bay of Plenty was the most productive period of his career, if not entirely economically successful. Creditors continued to pursue him through the courts, many related to bills from photographic suppliers. Between May 1903 and September 1907 he made several contributions to the Auckland Weekly News and New Zealand Graphic depicting pakeha settlers “opening up” the bush for sawmilling and farming activities in the Motu and Waioeka valleys. He also photographed the settlers engaged in leisure time pursuits, such as pheasant shooting (June 1905) and visiting the active volcano Whakaari (March 1906).

Rua Kenana’s Visit to Taneauta, 1907
Mounted silver gelatin print by John Macquarters, Opotiki
Courtesy of Whakatāne Museum, Ref. P10736

Macquarters documented important local events, such as the unveiling of a memorial at Maraenui on 23 March 1905 by Native Minister James Carroll – dedicated to 16 boys and girls and two adults of Te Whanau-a-Apanui drowned whilst crossing the Motu River in August 1900 – the visit of Tuhoe prophet Rua Kenana to Taneatua in 1907 (shown above), and the stranding of the coastal steamer Ngatiawa on the Opotiki Bar between 1 and 6 January 1909.

James Edward Durand (1869-1913) and Fortunita Haua (1886-1974) on their wedding day, 1904
Mounted silver gelatin print by John Macquarters, Opotiki
Image courtesy of Tauranga City Library, Pae Koroki Ref. 04-169

He also undertook regular commissions, including portraits of individuals, couples and groups. The bulk of the photos mounted on his printed cardstock surviving in institutional collections around the country are of this type. Although the portrait shown above is a studio portrait, others using this painted backdrop of an idyllic rural scene are more hastily arranged, revealing floors of bare earth or rough wooden fences, indicating that they were taken outdoors. Other examples of group portraits include a class of girls at Opotiki School (c.1907) and a men’s cricket team (c.1911).

St Mary’s Convent and Church, Opotiki, c.1910-1915
Hand-coloured postcard published by The Price Photo Co., Auckland, W.A.P. Series, 2202D
Image courtesy of Whakatāne Museum, Ref. P1818

No postcards imprinted with his name have been found during this study. However, there were a number of postcards of Opotiki street views taken during the time that he was the only resident photographer, and some of these may be attributable to him. It is conceivable, for example, that he took at least some of the views of Opotiki published by The Price Photo Co. of Auckland as the W.A.P. Series (for William Arthur Price). Perhaps the “Newell Series” of postcards sold by Opotiki stationer William Jabez Newell could also have been taken by Macquarters. He may well have decided that selling the glass plate negatives of his scenes for quick money was a better option, considering his straightened circumstances, than the long-term proposition of printing and selling them himself.

As the photographer Charles Henry Harris had discovered before him in the late 1890s, the small settlement of Opotiki just could not provide sufficient trade for a full-time photographic business to thrive. He ventured further afield, attempting a partnership with C. James in Taneatua in 1911, but even that was short-lived. When a fire burnt down an entire Opotiki block, including his studio, on the night of Sunday 9 November 1913, and with suppliers still pursuing him for payment of photographic materials that had presumably been lost in the conflagration, that was possibly the last straw, and Macquarters moved on.

By August 1914 John Macquarters was in Morrinsville, where his father was living; his elder brother lived in Te Aroha by then. His latest debt, to G.W. Bennett & Co. photographic suppliers of Auckland had grown to over £31, equivalent to roughly $10,000 today. He died nine months later in Hamilton, on 19 May 1915, of asphyxia (pneumonia) and was buried in Hamilton West cemetery. Joseph Macquarters advertised the sale of his late son’s photographic business for £100 in the New Zealand Herald three weeks later. John Macquarters did not marry, and left no known issue.

Acknowledgements

I’m very grateful for assistance from staff of the Tauranga Library’s Ngā Wāhi Rangahau and Fiona Kean of the Tauranga Heritage Collection for their assistance in researching this article. An article of this breadth could not have even been contemplated without access to the following online collections: Alexander Turnbull Library, Auckland Library Heritage Images, Auckland Museum, Nelson Provincial Museum, Tauranga Library (Pae Korokī) and Tauranga Heritage Collection. I’d like to acknowledge my employer, Whakatāne Museum, for permission to reproduce images of photographs from their collection, for which an online portal is currently planned. Maree Fagan’s family tree including her great-great-grandfather William Henry Macquarters also proved very useful.

References

Auckland Library Photographers Database
Bradford Bandolier, New Zealand History, URL: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/bradford-bandolier, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 18-Aug-2014
Death Certificate for John Macquarters, New Zealand Registrar of Births, Deaths & Marriages
Embarkation Database, New History, URL: https://nzhistory.govt.nz/soldier/allan-bell (Ministry for Culture and Heritage)
Fagan Family Tree by Maree Fagan on Ancestry
Hamilton Cemetery interment records from Hamilton City Council
Hamilton West Cemetery Memorials from FindaGrave
Censuses, Parish Registers, Electoral Rolls, Directories and other databases from Ancestry
Papers Past Newspapers from National Library of New Zealand
New Zealand, Archives New Zealand, Passenger Lists, 1839-1973 from Family Search
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Te Pūtea Matua Inflation Calculator
South African War Service Records on Archway from Archives New Zealand